indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
oden; dish of various ingredients, e.g. egg, daikon, potato, chikuwa, konnyaku, etc. stewed in soy-flavored dashi
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
proprietress (of a traditional Japanese inn or restaurant); landlady; hostess; mistress
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
wandering samurai; soldier of fortune; brigand; mountain-dwelling robber
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine