indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meaning; significance; sense
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; a second time
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to exercise one's authority as a (noun); to act as a (noun)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
oh my god!; oh my gosh!; you got me!; wow!
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
yukata (light cotton kimono worn in the summer or used as a bathrobe)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing