car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
running (of a car, bus, etc.); traveling; travelling; running (of a program)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
member (of a group led by a kumigashira); member (of a fire brigade); muntin; mullion; member
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
sudden brake; coming to a sudden stop
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
handbrake; parking brake; emergency brake
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
man; male; masculine gender
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
without cause; without reason
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
woman; female; feminine gender
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
complexion; one's colour; one's color; countenance; expression; one's face
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
trivial; not amounting to much
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university