(a) stop (e.g. in a timber joint, or at the end of a kanji stroke); remaining (e.g. poste-restante); forty-five degree angle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
now; the present time; just now; another; more
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
mob; crowd of people; background character (in a manga, anime, etc.); mob (in a video game); non-player character
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
telephone; telephone number; telephone call; phone call
extra-sensory perception; ESP; psi; psychokinesis; PK
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ordinary person; average person; mediocre person
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
frequent; densely packed; thick
honorific/polite/humble prefix
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
output (electrical, signal, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable