indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
mob; crowd of people; background character (in a manga, anime, etc.); mob (in a video game); non-player character
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
decorative ridge-end tile (traditionally bearing the face of a demon and resembling a gargoyle); hideous face
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
remodeling; remodelling; restructuring; modding
(a) stop (e.g. in a timber joint, or at the end of a kanji stroke); remaining (e.g. poste-restante); forty-five degree angle
black vinegar, usu. produced from unpolished rice; charred kelp or shiitake mushrooms ground and mixed with vinegar, used to dress raw fish and vegetables
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few