indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suffix for familiar person
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fan; enthusiast; lover (of); fan (e.g. electric)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
(police) detective; criminal matter
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
phala (attained state, result); enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); fruit; counter for pieces of fruit
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way