indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
butter rice; buttered rice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
sink (e.g. in a kitchen); cruising (e.g. taxi); strolling (entertainer, musician, etc.); washing area (in a Japanese-style bath); back-washing service (in a public bath); floating (something on water)
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
man; male; masculine gender
manager (e.g. of a business, an idol, etc.); in a sports team (esp. at school) someone who does the routine drudge work
Hakodate (city in Hokkaido)