indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
kana; Japanese syllabary (i.e. hiragana, katakana)
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ochazuke; rice with tea poured on it
salmon (Salmonidae spp.); chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
formal marriage interview
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
ten-day period (in a month); ten-year period (in one's age); decade
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
cod roe (roe of any fish from family Gadidae, esp. salted walleye pollack roe)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
honorific/polite/humble prefix
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
man; male; masculine gender