indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
matcha; powdered green tea
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mountainous region; mountainous district; hilly district
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
honorific/polite/humble prefix
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
good; goodness; right; virtue
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
sweetness; sugary taste; sweets; dessert; cake
news coverage; collecting data (e.g. for an article); covering (something for media); interview
the Trinity; three parts; three components; three factors
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
ancient Shinto music and dancing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed