indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
slightly good luck (as a fortune telling result)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good