indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
true parrot (esp. small parrots such as the parakeet, lory and conure)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
suffix for familiar person
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial