indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
jujube (Ziziphus jujube); Chinese date; red date; small tea caddy (tea ceremony)
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
woman; female; feminine gender
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
photographer; cameraman; camera operator; cinematographer
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)