mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mobile telephone; cellular telephone
oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
silence (not speaking); muteness
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to perceive; to sense; to understand; to comprehend; to attain enlightenment
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
face; looks; vestiges; trace
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
koku; traditional unit of volume, approx. 180.4 litres; measure of a Japanese-style boat's loading capacity (approx. 278.26 liters)
hunting; harvesting (e.g. berries, fruit); picking; gathering
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
reportage writer; documentary writer
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
report; notification; tip; message (in information and communication theory)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing