indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Alice; Alliss; Alyce; Arisu
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
rail (any bird of family Rallidae, esp. the water rail, Rallus aquaticus)
rabbit; hare; coney; cony; lagomorph (esp. leporids)
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
man; male; masculine gender
only; merely; but; no more than
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
bad; poor; inferior; delinquent; hoodlum; hooligan
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
the Tiger (third sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Tiger (around 4am, 3-5am, or 4-6am); east-northeast; first month of the lunar calendar
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?