to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
people; men and women; each person; everybody
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
existence; possession; having; limited company
suffix for familiar person
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
heart; mind; bottom of one's heart; core (of one's character); centre; center; heart (organ)
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
now; the present time; just now; another; more
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
February; second month of the lunar calendar
season (period in which regulated games are played); season (division of the year); season (of a TV show, etc.); season (for doing something, e.g. ski season, entrance examination season)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn towards; to point
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
document screening; paper screening; narrowing down a field of applicants based on resumes, written applications, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
those interested in participating; persons wishing to participate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis