indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
United Kingdom; Britain; English (language)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
adds force or indicates command
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
in this way; thus; such; uh...
riding together; sharing a car (taxi, etc.); doing in collaboration; backing of the same candidate by different political parties
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
artificial intelligence; AI
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)