at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to see (a doctor, etc.); to consult (someone)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
until now; so far; up to the present
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by myself; in person; by oneself
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more