indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sumo wrestling; wrestler; rikishi
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
announcement (esp. over public-address system); official announcement; formal information release
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in-house; (on) the grounds; (in) the premises; hall; theatre; theater
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
woman; female; feminine gender
man; male; masculine gender
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(wrestling) ring; forum (e.g. for discussion); sandbag; gabion
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to