indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
entertainer (esp. boy band or girl group member) whose image is manufactured to cultivate a dedicated consumer fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Satan; the Devil; the Prince of Darkness; king of the demons who try to prevent people from doing good
(telephone) call; (telephone) ring; shout; call; call loan (e.g. 30-day call); call money
my; one's own; personal; privately owned
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
soldier; combatant; warrior
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
honorific/polite/humble prefix
how; in what way; how about
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen