indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
at once; immediately; right now
to hug someone close; to hold someone tight; to embrace closely
to catch; to capture; to grab; to clutch; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street)
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
my; one's own; personal; privately owned
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
set; set meal; combo-meal; hairdo
increasing; uploading; posting (e.g. content); close-up; finishing shooting (of a film, etc.); upswept hairstyle; being up (i.e. leading in sports)
live (esp. concert, show, etc.); live performance; alive
enka; traditional-style Japanese popular ballad
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?