to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass
clamour; clamor; uproar; tumult; furore; furor
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
increasingly; more and more; decreasingly (when declining); less and less
burly; strong; indomitable; indefatigable; robust (vitality, appetite, economic growth, etc.); strong
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
rock (music); rock; boulder; on the rocks
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation