indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
musical note; note symbol; phonetic symbol (incl. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.); part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
negative (e.g. thinking); negative; negative (electrical polarity)
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(telephone) call; (telephone) ring; shout; call; call loan (e.g. 30-day call); call money
my; one's own; personal; privately owned
display of fireworks; firework(s) display
roar; sound made by monsters
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
now; the present time; just now; another; more
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic