to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
very popular; highly favoured
program (e.g. TV); programme
performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
crisp (e.g. potato chip, fried fish, etc.); crunchy; grumpily; touchily; scratching
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
legal guardians' association; parents' association (at a school); parent-teacher's meeting
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
father; dad; husband; you; he
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
clamour; clamor; uproar; tumult; furore; furor
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
with a snap; (break) cleanly; (reject) sternly; flatly; smartly (e.g. of dressing up well)
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!