Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
colon; eau de Cologne; colonist
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
adds force or indicates command
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
head; brains; intellect; understanding
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
this world; this life; world of the living
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...