indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
purity; homogeneity; unadorned
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
head; brains; intellect; understanding
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
vitality; (one's) life force
immortal; undying; indestructible
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
genius; prodigy; natural gift
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
person from (the planet of)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
adds force or indicates command
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage