indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
purity; homogeneity; unadorned
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
adds force or indicates command
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to talk; to chat; to chatter
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
how; in what way; how about
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)