indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
colon; eau de Cologne; colonist
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
trainspotter; railway enthusiast; railfan
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
circuit (electric); cycle (e.g. Krebs cycle)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
purity; homogeneity; unadorned
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic