indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
colon; eau de Cologne; colonist
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
giga-; 10^9; gigabyte; GB; data traffic (esp. on mobile phone)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
adds force or indicates command
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
technique; art; skill; move
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
genius; prodigy; natural gift
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict