indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
genius; prodigy; natural gift
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
please (give me); please (do for me)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to be silent; to say nothing
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you