indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mysterious thief; phantom thief
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
pot; jar; dice cup; depression; basin (e.g. of a waterfall); aim; what one wants
spangle (species of black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio protenor)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
advance notice; previous note; preliminary announcement; trailer (film, TV); preview
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
honorific/polite/humble prefix
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow