Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Formula One (form of motor racing); F1
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
decision; determination; resolution
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
incident; affair; happening; event
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more