Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
present age; present day; contemporary; modern era; modern times; contemporary era
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
union; unity; bundling; binding; (arch.) putting on (clothes, armour, etc.)
to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
cooperation; collaboration; help; support
by means of; due to; because of; according to
infiltration; sneaking in; going undercover
guidance; leading; induction; introduction; incitement; inducement
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
middle section of a song (in gagaku or noh)
to use as an intermediary; to worry; to mind; to care
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to concern; to be related
impact; shock; impulse; (psychological) shock
fact; truth; reality; in fact; actually
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember