indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be dispersed; to get separated
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to fall into (someone's) hands; to fall under someone's control; to become someone's property (e.g. of an object)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop (doing); to cease; to desist; to drop; to lay off; to give up
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to fight against; to oppose; to face
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
finishing blow; coup de grâce
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; of course; definitely
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
god; deity; god-tier; incredible; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
restoration; repair; mending