water (esp. cool or cold); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; of course; definitely
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
god; deity; god-tier; incredible; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
startup; booting up; activation; starting (e.g. engine, computer); launch
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
middle section of a song (in gagaku or noh)
to use as an intermediary; to worry; to mind; to care
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to corner; to drive to the wall; to run down; to track down; to chase after
soldier; combatant; warrior
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
action; behavior; behaviour; (arch.) recommendation (of a person for a position)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
change to ...; becoming ...; making into ...; -ization; -ification
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
finally; in the end; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
light; lamp; counter for electric lights
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
means; way; method; measure
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
apprenticeship; probation; learning by observation; apprentice; trainee; probationer