indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Burmese rosewood (Pterocarpus indicus); angsana; flowering quince (of genus Chaenomeles) (Pseudocydonia sinensis); Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis); quince (Cydonia oblonga)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
row; line; company (of someone); group; sequence; counter for rows
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
defense; defence; protection
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
coming out; going out; attending (work); appearing (on stage); start; beginning; origins
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run to; to come running; to rush (someplace); to hasten
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?