indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
suffix for familiar person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
adds force or indicates command
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)