indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health