indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
father; dad; husband; you; he
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
other; another; over; more than; I; me
disk; discus; flying saucer; disc media (CD, DVD, etc.)
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
motherland; fatherland; native country
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost