indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
unemployed person; vagabond; floater; day labourer (esp. on the docks)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
father; dad; husband; you; he
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
adds force or indicates command
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
disk; discus; flying saucer; disc media (CD, DVD, etc.)
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as