I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how; in what way; how about
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
something wrong; something unusual; abnormality; disorder; trouble; change
without; unacceptable; not alright; (arch.) nonexistent; (arch.) not being (there)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
rather; better; instead; if anything
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
suffix for familiar person
small; little; slightly less than; just about; somewhat; somehow
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to leak out (of a secret); to come out; to be exposed (of a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to get away (of a fish)
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
leaving something as it is (after taking it out or turning it on)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
leaving (on, open, unfinished, etc.); (doing) continuously; constantly; keep ...-ing