here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how; in what way; how about
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
something wrong; accident; change; abnormality; aberration
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
rather; better; instead; if anything
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
older brother; you (in ref. to male of greater age or status)
suffix for familiar person
small; little; slightly less than; just about; somewhat; somehow
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
study; diligence; discount; reduction
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
while; during; while; although; all; both
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
leaving something as it is (after taking it out or turning it on)
adds force or indicates command
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use