indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
commodore; brigadier general
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
suffix for familiar person
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
defence forces; defence corps
older brother; you (in ref. to male of greater age or status)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
arrest; apprehension; capture
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
please (give me); please (do for me)
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
base (military, expedition, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...