bringing certain death; deadly; knockout (blow)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
preparedness for death; do-or-die spirit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to challenge (a person) to a fight
to take back; to recapture
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to flip; to snap; to repel; to use (an abacus); to calculate; to strum
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
again; once more; a second time
pinch; crisis; tough spot; clothespin
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to knock (someone) to their feet; to knock down; to send flying; to strike; to drive away (one's sorrows, worries, etc.); to dispel
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
one sheet; one page; one block of tofu; one serving (in a restaurant); one long and narrow thing (e.g. guns, scissors, spades, hoes, inksticks, palanquins, candles, jinrikishas, shamisen, oars, etc.); one chō (unit of distance, 109.09 m); one game
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
retreat; withdrawal; retirement
difficult; tough; formidable; redoubtable; stubborn
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)