female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to subsist; to keep on living
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
use; utilization; utilisation; application
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to keep in mind; to bear in mind; to try; to aim to do; to endeavor; to endeavour
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
gelidium jelly strips (made from agar-agar); prostate orgasm
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
beacon; skyrocket; signal fire; starting shot; starting signal
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
national language; Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan); native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
senior high school; high school
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)