child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to feel; to sense; to experience
myself; yourself; I; me; you
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
clamour; clamor; uproar; tumult; furore; furor
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
preeminence; supremacy; distinction; excellence