child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
why; how; for what reason
myself; yourself; I; me; you
water (esp. cool or cold); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
misunderstanding; mistaken idea; wrong guess
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
clamour; clamor; uproar; tumult; furore; furor
one (small animal); two-tan bolt of cloth
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
preeminence; supremacy; distinction; excellence