this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
belief; faith; conviction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to differ; to vary; to disagree
sense of values; values; value system
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(religious) faith; belief; creed
politics; government; peace; (arch.) medical treatment; (arch.) cure
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
daytime; during the day; Japan and China
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
eastern Japan (usu. east of the Chūbu region)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
north-east; Tōhoku (northernmost six prefectures of Honshu); Tohoku
southern part; the south (of a region)
to break; to be smashed; to split; to crack; to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party); to come to light
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly