confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
Japanese person; Japanese people
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
government plane (esp. for transporting senior politicians, etc.)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
day after tomorrow; wrong (e.g. direction)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
leaving school during a term
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to become indisposed; to feel unwell; to have one's physical condition deteriorate
work experience; work history
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to employ; to hire; to charter
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; provided that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...