Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
studying abroad; travelling to study; traveling to study
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
audience (with a lord, dignitary, etc.); interview; first (public) appearance; debut; trial service (of a servant); probation
medicine; the healing art; healing; doctor
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
going against one's will; contrary to one's intentions; going against one's desire; going contrary to one's wishes
Koishikawa Yojōsho (est. 1722 as a hospital for the indigent)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to order; to command; to appoint
taking care of one's health; recuperation; covering (with a protective material); coating; curing (concrete)
counter for places (offices, facilities, stations)
head (of an office, laboratory, etc.); chief
appearing for the first time (esp. vocabulary, kanji, etc. in a school textbook)
opposition; rebellion; rebounding; recoiling; rally (e.g. in stock prices); recovery
red beard; person with a red beard; Westerner; Ryukyu robin (Erithacus komadori)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
strange; odd; unusual; eccentric; peculiar
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down