base (of a plant, tree, pillar, etc.); (part near the) root; roots (of one's hair); root (e.g. of a problem); source
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
princess; spoiled girl; hothouse flower; glue
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
dense (e.g. fog, dust, etc.); thick; vague (as in being unable to think clearly); dim
to be silent; to say nothing
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
any more; any further; any better; any longer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters