base (of a plant, tree, pillar, etc.); (part near the) root; roots (of one's hair); root (e.g. of a problem); source
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
princess; spoiled girl; hothouse flower; glue
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
roadside trees; row of trees
first generation; founder
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
bride; (one's) daughter-in-law; wife
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
receiving; getting; eating; drinking; please (give me; do for me)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
grandpa; grampa; gramps; grandfather
good fortune; happiness; blessing; good luck
practitioner; specialist; man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?