indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
ill-natured; mean; nasty; sadistic; cruel; mean-spirited
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
honorific/polite/humble prefix
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
that day; the very same day
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
line-spacing in text; (fig.) between the lines
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to exude (e.g. sweat); to ooze; to seep out; to reveal itself (of emotions, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light